The <script> Tag
In HTML, JavaScript code must be inserted between <script> and </script> tags.
Example
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "My First JavaScript";
</script>
Older examples may use a type attribute: <script type="text/javascript">. This type attribute is not required. JavaScript is the default scripting language in HTML.
JavaScript Functions and Events
A JavaScript function is a block of JavaScript code, that can be executed when "asked" for.
For example, a function can be executed when an event occurs, like when the user clicks a button.
You will learn much more about functions and events in later chapters.
JavaScript in <head> or <body>
You can place any number of scripts in an HTML document.
Scripts can be placed in the <body>, or in the <head> section of an HTML page, or in both.
Keeping all code in one place, is always a good habit.
JavaScript in <head>
In this example, a JavaScript function is placed in the <head> section of an HTML page.
The function is invoked (called) when a button is clicked:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
<script>
function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My Web Page</h1>
<p id="demo">A Paragraph</p>
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try
it</button>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself
JavaScript in <body>
In this example, a JavaScript function is placed in the <body> section of an HTML page.
The function is invoked (called) when a button is clicked:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My Web Page</h1>
<p id="demo">A Paragraph</p>
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try
it</button>
<script>
function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself
It is a good idea to place scripts at the bottom of the <body> element.
This
can improve page load, because script compilation can slow down the display.
External JavaScript
Scripts can also be placed in external files:
myScript.js
function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
}
External scripts are practical when the same code is used in many different web pages.
JavaScript files have the file extension .js.
To use an external script, put the name of the script file in the src (source) attribute of a <script> tag:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script src="myScript.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself
You can place an external script reference in <head> or <body> as you like.
The script will behave as if it was located exactly where the <script> tag is located.
External scripts cannot contain <script> tags.
External JavaScript Advantages
Placing JavaScripts in external files has some advantages: