The Math Object
The Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks.
The Math object includes several mathematical methods.
One common use of the Math object is to create a random number:
Math has no constructor. No methods have to create a Math object first.
Math.min() and Math.max()
Math.min() and Math.max() can be used to find the lowest or highest value in a list of arguments:
Math.random()
Math.random() returns a random number between 0 (inclusive), and 1 (exclusive):
Math.random() always returns a number lower than 1.
Math.round()
Math.round() rounds a number to the nearest integer:
Math.ceil()
Math.ceil() rounds a number up to the nearest integer:
Math.floor()
Math.floor() rounds a number down to the nearest integer:
Math.floor() and Math.random() can be used together to return a random number between 0 and 10:
Math Constants
JavaScript provides 8 mathematical constants that can be accessed with the Math object:
Example
Math.E // returns Euler's number
Math.PI // returns PI
Math.SQRT2
// returns the square root of 2
Math.SQRT1_2
// returns the square root of 1/2
Math.LN2
// returns the natural logarithm of 2
Math.LN10
// returns the natural logarithm of 10
Math.LOG2E
// returns base 2 logarithm of E
Math.LOG10E
// returns base 10 logarithm of E
Try it Yourself
Math Object Methods
Example
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| abs(x) | Returns the absolute value of x |
| acos(x) | Returns the arccosine of x, in radians |
| asin(x) | Returns the arcsine of x, in radians |
| atan(x) | Returns the arctangent of x as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians |
| atan2(y,x) | Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments |
| ceil(x) | Returns x, rounded upwards to the nearest integer |
| cos(x) | Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians) |
| exp(x) | Returns the value of Ex |
| floor(x) | Returns x, rounded downwards to the nearest integer |
| log(x) | Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of x |
| max(x,y,z,...,n) | Returns the number with the highest value |
| min(x,y,z,...,n) | Returns the number with the lowest value |
| pow(x,y) | Returns the value of x to the power of y |
| random() | Returns a random number between 0 and 1 |
| round(x) | Rounds x to the nearest integer |
| sin(x) | Returns the sine of x (x is in radians) |
| sqrt(x) | Returns the square root of x |
| tan(x) | Returns the tangent of an angle |
Complete Math Reference
For a complete reference, go to our complete Math object reference.
The reference contains descriptions and examples of all Math properties and methods.